There are a number of radio systems that have similarities to a network of PicoNodes:

Metricom

Brief Description of  Network Topology

Modem add-on for mobile wireless LAN access.

metricom_system.gif (4888 bytes)

average 50kb/sec
average 2-3 hops

 

UCLA-WAMIS Network Simulations

Brief Description of Network Topology

clusters.gif (5851 bytes)

Bluetooth

Brief description of Network Topology

bluetoothExampleNetTopo2.gif (8759 bytes)

Standard developed by numerous companies. Communication modules available from Ericsson.

 

IEEE 802.11

Brief Description of Network Topology

wpe2.jpg (5202 bytes)

 

HomeRF

Brief Description of Network Topology

homeRFTopoSmall.jpg (14817 bytes)

 

 

System Comparison: (Assumptions & Uncertainties are in this color.)

Radio

System Frequency Range Type of Channels Pulse Shaping Symbolrate Raw Data Bitrate Average Throughput  
Metricom 902-928 MHz under 0.5 mi FHSS       50-58 kb/sec  
UCLA-WAMIS 1.5 GHz ??   CDMA     800 kb/sec ~40 kb/sec (2 ft/sec mobility)  
Bluetooth 2.4 - 2.435 GHz (USA) depending on country 30-100 ft FHSS 1600 hops/sec GFSK; h < 0.35 1 Msym/sec 800 kb/sec    
IEEE 802.11 850-950 nM 10-20 m IR 16 PPM @1Mbps

4 PPM @2Mbps

   1 Mbps/2Mbps    
2.4 GHz ISM   FHSS 2.5 hops/sec (min) 2 level GFSK   1 Mbps
2.4 GHz ISM 400m DSSS DQPSK @2Mbps

DBPSK @1Mbps

   2 Mbps or

1 Mbps
HomeRF 2.4 GHz ISM Up to 50 meters FHSS 50 hops/sec     1Mbs 2FSK

2Mbs 4FSK

    

Radio continued

System Channels Transmit Power            
Metricom 160              
UCLA-WAMIS                
Bluetooth 79-22 depending on country 1 mW, 100 mW optional            
IEEE 802.11 IR 1 W max (USA) RF

2 W max IR

            
FHSS 79 channels 78 hopping sequences
DSSS - 11 (US) but 3 non-overlapping channels per plan
HomeRF Voice - 6 full duplex 100mW            

Protocol

System Access Scheme Time Slot Timing Synchronisation Delay Idle Delay Under Load Average # Hops    
Metricom       300 msec under 5 sec 2-3    
UCLA-WAMIS       290.65 msec        
Bluetooth TDMA 625 µs through each master     1-2    
IEEE 802.11 Shared or Polling              
HomeRF TDMA - Voice

CSMA/CA - Data

              

Subnet/Cell

System Topology (see links above) Units per net   Communication Init Point to Point Point to many Multiple Networks  
Metricom Red Swirl.gif (285 bytes)Limited multihop              
UCLA-WAMIS Red Swirl.gif (285 bytes)Clusterhead              
Bluetooth Red Swirl.gif (285 bytes)Centralized master/slave 8, unlimited sleeping "parked"nodes   through master no, only with master yes yes  
IEEE 802.11 Red Swirl.gif (285 bytes)Depends but basically this is a wireless LAN              
HomeRF Red Swirl.gif (285 bytes)??? 127     yes yes    

Data Types

System Low Bitrate Data High Bitrate Data Voice Video Async Connectionless Sync Connection Oriented Error Correction Data Security
Metricom                
UCLA-WAMIS                
Bluetooth yes yes yes   yes (ACL, sym/asym) yes (SCO) 1/3 FEC or 2/3 FEC or auto repeat request  
IEEE 802.11 FHSS DSSS, IR         CRC-16  
HomeRF     ADPCM 32kbps         Blowfish

Energy

System Power dissipation Standby Sleep Operation Time Standby Time      
Metricom       4 hr on 1100 mAH 12 hr      
UCLA-WAMIS                
Bluetooth                
IEEE 802.11                
HomeRF                

Misc

System System Status Availability Cost per unit Size        
Metricom market product yes   add on modem        
UCLA-WAMIS experimental no            
Bluetooth OEM available samples   9x9 mm BGA        
IEEE 802.11 market product/OEM yes   PCMCIA        
HomeRF                

Last Update: 11/29/01 07:27:58 PM